Artillery of the old Napoleanic days consisted of hot shot (to set things on fire), solid shots (to punch holes in things) and grape or canister when served an anti-personnel role at close distance.
This remained through the mid-19th Century conflicts such as the American Civil War, Austro-Prussian War, Crimean War and Franco-Prussian War.
However by the 1900s, advances in artillery fuses, propellants, smokeless bursting charges, and steel metallurgy increased the range and effectiveness of modern field artillery to that of being truly the God of War.
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An Artillery shell before and after it’s been blasted into 7,000 pieces of shrapnel, circa 1908.
Ouch.
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